Section 18 == *more help*
Being an old-fashioned grammar lover, I've always found that "sentence organizers" are indispensable in figuring out how to say complex things (and often even simple ones too). Here's my own basic tool kit, pulled together over the years. It leans toward Urdu, but most of these constructions will work fine on the Hindi side too. It's in English alphabetical order, for no particular reason.
| āḳhir | Finally |
| ʿām t̤aur par / se | Usually |
| agar yih , to vuh | If this, then that |
| agarchih | Although |
| aisā lagtā hai , jaise | It seems as though |
| aisā nah ho kih | May it not be the case that |
| aisī koʾī bāt nahīñ | No such thing! |
| aur kuchh | Something else (versus kuchh aur , more of the same) |
| bāt yih hai kih | The thing is that... |
| bahar ḥāl | In any case, |
| balkih | Rather; instead; on the contrary |
| bhale hī | No matter if |
| chāhe yih chāhe vuh | Whether this, or whether that |
| chāhe kitnā hī | No matter how much |
| chunāñchih | Accordingly |
| ḍar hai kih kahīñ yih nah ho jāʾe | It is to be feared that this might happen |
| farẓ kiyā kih | Suppose that |
| goyā | So to speak; as if |
| ḥālāñkih yih , magar phir bhī vuh | Although this-- nevertheless that |
| har chand kih | Although; however much |
| hī | Especially; particularly; uniquely |
| ho saktā hai kih | It’s possible that |
| isliye | Therefore |
| isliye kih | Because, since |
| jab yih tab vuh | When this, then that |
| jab bhī | Whenever |
| jab kih | Even though; while; despite the fact that |
| jab se | Ever since |
| jab tak | As long as |
| jahāñ yih , vahāñ vuh | Where this, there that |
| jahāñ bhī | Wherever |
| jahāñ tak kih | As far as; to the extent that |
| jaise yih , vaise vuh | In the way that this, in the same way that |
| jaise āp chāheñ | As you wish |
| jaise hī | As soon as; the moment that |
| us / is jaise | Like that/this one |
| jāne dījiye , jāne do | Drop the subject; or: Let me pass through |
| jo bhī ho | In any case |
| jo --- , vuh --- | The one who... , that one ... |
| jyūñ --- | Like a |
| jyūñhī | As soon as |
| kāsh kih | Oh, if only... ! |
| kahāñ yih kahāñ vuh | How can this and that possibly be compared! |
| kāhe ko | For what purpose? |
| ke ʿalāvah | In addition to |
| ke anusār | According to |
| ke bāre meñ | About, pertaining to |
| ke bāvujūd | Despite |
| ke badle meñ | In return/revenge for |
| ke baġhair | Without |
| ke / kī bajāʾe | Instead of |
| ke barābar | Equal to; the same as |
| ke bar-ḳhilāf | Contrary to |
| ke binā | Without |
| ke hote huʾe bhī | Despite the existence/presence of |
| ke kāran | Because of |
| ke liḥāz̤ se | With regard to |
| ke liye | For; in order to |
| ke māre | 'Stricken by' (unfavorable) |
| ke muqābile meñ | In comparison to |
| ke mut̤ābiq | According to |
| ke prakār | In the manner of |
| ke sāth | Along with |
| ke samān | Equal to |
| ke sivā | In addition to; beyond |
| ke vāst̤e | For; with regard to |
| kih | ... that ... [the all-purpose clause- and dialogue-introducer] |
| kī badaulat | Thanks to (favorable) |
| kī jagah | In place of |
| kī ṭaraḥ | In the manner/style of |
| kī vajah se | Because of |
| kisī ḥad tak | To some extent |
| ko chhoṛ kar | Leaving aside; except for |
| us ko kyā pūchhnā | It/that is beyond all words |
| koʾī bāt nahīñ | It’s nothing; think nothing of it |
| kyūñkar | How? |
| kyūñkih | Because |
| lagtā hai kih | It seems that |
| lekin | But |
| maʿlūm hotā hai kih | It appears that |
| mānā kih | Granted that; suppose that |
| magar | But |
| merā bas chaltā to | If it were in my power, then (contrafactual) |
| merā bas chale to | If it would be in my power, then (a future possibility) |
| merī balā se | What the hell do I care if... ! |
| mere ḳhiyāl se / meñ | In my opinion |
| mumkin / nā-mumkin hai kih | It's possible/impossible that |
| nah yih nah vuh | Neither this nor that (sometimes the first nah is colloquially omitted) |
| nahīñ to | Otherwise |
| na jāne | No telling |
| par | But |
| phir | Again; then |
| phir bhī | Nevertheless |
| us par | About that, |
| us par bhī | Despite that, |
| us se | From that, with that, by means of that |
| us se kyā mat̤lab | What business is it of his/hers? |
| shāyad | Perhaps |
| so | Thus, therefore, accordingly |
| tabhī to | For that reason, therefore |
| tā kih | So that |
| to bhī | Even then; nevertheless |
| to kyā huʾā | So what? |
| ummīd hai kih | It is to be hoped that |
| varnah | Otherwise, |
| yā yih yā vuh | Either this or that |
| yaʿnī | That is to say, |
| yahāñ tak kih | To such an extent that |
| yih bhī aur vuh bhī | Both this and that |
| ẓarūr | Definitely |
xx
