ONE LANGUAGE, TWO SCRIPTS:
The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India
by Christopher R. King
New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994
This etext appears through the generous permission of the author
*Prefatory matter*
Preface == v
Tables == ix
Chronology == x
Transliteration Scheme == xii
Tables == ix
Chronology == x
Transliteration Scheme == xii
*I. Introduction*
Theoretical Background ==
1
Historical Background == 4
Linguistic and Social Background == 7
Recent Studies == 11
The Present Study == 13
Main Themes and Precis == 13
Notes == 19
Historical Background == 4
Linguistic and Social Background == 7
Recent Studies == 11
The Present Study == 13
Main Themes and Precis == 13
Notes == 19
*II. The Development of Differentiation*
Introduction == 23
The Early Literary History of Urdu and Hindi == 24
The College of Fort William == 25
Early Nineteenth Century Prose Writers in Hindi and Urdu == 28
Later Writers in Hindi and Urdu Prose == 29
The Language of Poetry: Braj Bhasha vs. Khari Boli == 33
Patterns of Publishing: Languages == 37
Patterns of Publishing: Geographical == 41
Conclusion == 47
Notes == 49
The Early Literary History of Urdu and Hindi == 24
The College of Fort William == 25
Early Nineteenth Century Prose Writers in Hindi and Urdu == 28
Later Writers in Hindi and Urdu Prose == 29
The Language of Poetry: Braj Bhasha vs. Khari Boli == 33
Patterns of Publishing: Languages == 37
Patterns of Publishing: Geographical == 41
Conclusion == 47
Notes == 49
*III. Government Language Policy*
Introduction == 53
The Replacement of Persian == 54
Indian Reactions to the Replacement of Persian == 58
The Nagari Script in the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories == 60
The Persianization of Urdu == 63
The Kaithi Script == 65
The Nagari Script in the Central Provinces == 69
The Nagari and Kaithi Scripts in Bihar == 72
An Analysis of Language Policy == 75
Notes == 79
The Replacement of Persian == 54
Indian Reactions to the Replacement of Persian == 58
The Nagari Script in the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories == 60
The Persianization of Urdu == 63
The Kaithi Script == 65
The Nagari Script in the Central Provinces == 69
The Nagari and Kaithi Scripts in Bihar == 72
An Analysis of Language Policy == 75
Notes == 79
*IV. Language, Education, and Employment*
Introduction == 88
Attitudes Towards the Vernaculars == 89
Indigenous Schools in the North-Western Provinces == 94
Government Schools in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh == 97
The Language of School Textbooks == 102
Hindus and Muslims in Government Employment == 108
The Relationship of Education and Employment == 110
The Basic Contradictions in British Language Policy == 116
Notes == 118
Attitudes Towards the Vernaculars == 89
Indigenous Schools in the North-Western Provinces == 94
Government Schools in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh == 97
The Language of School Textbooks == 102
Hindus and Muslims in Government Employment == 108
The Relationship of Education and Employment == 110
The Basic Contradictions in British Language Policy == 116
Notes == 118
*V. The Hindi-Nagari Movement*
Introduction and Overview
== 126
The Hindi-Urdu Controversy of the 1860s and 1870s == 128
The Hindi-Nagari Campaign of 1882 == 133
The Hindi-Nagari Movement in Vernacular Literature == 135
Precursors of the Nagari Pracharini Sabha == 139
The Hindi-Nagari Campaign of 1895-1900 == 148
The 1900 Decision: The Machinery of Deliberation == 153
The Aftermath of the 1900 Decision == 156
Epilogue == 162
Notes == 164
The Hindi-Urdu Controversy of the 1860s and 1870s == 128
The Hindi-Nagari Campaign of 1882 == 133
The Hindi-Nagari Movement in Vernacular Literature == 135
Precursors of the Nagari Pracharini Sabha == 139
The Hindi-Nagari Campaign of 1895-1900 == 148
The 1900 Decision: The Machinery of Deliberation == 153
The Aftermath of the 1900 Decision == 156
Epilogue == 162
Notes == 164
*VI. Conclusion*
Introduction == 173
Assimilation and Differentiation == 176
Virtue and Vice: The Manipulation of Symbols == 183
The Ambiguous Role of Government == 185
What If?: Concluding Speculations == 187
Notes == 190
Assimilation and Differentiation == 176
Virtue and Vice: The Manipulation of Symbols == 183
The Ambiguous Role of Government == 185
What If?: Concluding Speculations == 187
Notes == 190
*[Apparatus]*
Appendix == 193
Glossary == 197
Abbreviations == 203
Glossary == 197
Abbreviations == 203
*Bibliography*
*Index*